146. Installation

Table of Contents

146.1. Installing on Debian Stretch and Buster

Install the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) by running one of the following commands:
```
# apt-get install openjdk-7-jre
```
or
```
# apt-get install openjdk-8-jre
```
Select the default version of Java by running the following command:
```
# update-alternatives --config java
```
Note
If Java is not installed or the correct version of Java is not selected, NXLog Manager will refuse to start.
Download the appropriate NXLog Manager installation file from the NXLog website.
Transfer the file to the target server.
Install the downloaded package with the following command:
```
# dpkg -i nxlog-manager_X.X.XXX_.deb
```
If dpkg returned errors about uninstalled dependencies, use apt-get to install them and complete the NXLog Manager installation.
```
# apt-get -f install
```

Note	Make sure that your hostname and DNS settings are setup correctly, to avoid problems with NXLog Manager. Refer to host setup common issues for more information.

146.2. Installing on RHEL 6 & 7

Note	The .rpm package of NXLog Manager is signed with a PGP key. For details on how to verify you package, see the Digital Signature Verification section in the NXLog User Guide.

Install the .rpm package with the following command:

# yum install nxlog-manager-X.X.XXXX-1.noarch.rpm

Note	nxlox-manager-4.x requires java-1.7.0-openjdk and nxlox-manager-5.x requires either java-1.7.0-openjdk or java-1.8.0-openjdk. If Java is not installed or the correct version of Java is not selected NXLog Manager will refuse to start.

To select the default version of Java on your system, use the command:

# alternatives --config java

To access the web interface from another host, the firewall rules should allow access to port 9090 from the external network:

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 9090 -j ACCEPT

Or completely remove all firewall rules while testing:

# iptables -F

Warning

Make sure that your hostname and DNS settings are setup correctly, to avoid problems with NXLog Manager. Refer to host setup common issues for more information.

146.3. Installing as Docker Application

To install NXLog Manager as a Docker application, Docker Engine and Docker Compose tool is required. The procedure is identical on all platforms supported by Docker (Linux, Windows and MacOS). Extract the files from the compressed Docker archive.

$ tar zxf nxlog-manager-X.X.XXXX-docker.tar.gz

To build, (re)create and start the container execute the following command.

$ docker-compose up -d

By default the Dockerized NXLog Manager listens on port 9090. The port configuration is defined as HOST:CONTAINER. To change this setting, edit the docker-compose.yml file by modifying the HOST port number preceding the colon (9080 in the below example). The port number for the CONTAINER, following the colon should be left at 9090.

docker-compose.yml

ports:
  - "4041:4041"
  - "9080:9090"
restart: always

To change the default memory allocation for NXLog Manager, the Java invocation (CMD) in the included Dockerfile needs to be updated. Options other than -Xms and -Xmx should not be changed.

Dockerfile

CMD java -Xms1g -Xmx2g ...

Note	For more information managing the allocated memory size for NXLog Manager, see the Increasing the Heap Size for NXLog Manager section.

For the configuration change to take effect, the Docker container needs to be stopped and started with the following commands.

$ sudo docker-compose down

$ sudo docker-compose up

Note	The NXLog Manager Docker container includes MySQL. Therefore there is no need to install and configure MySQL separately. After installing, you may proceed with the NXLog Manager configuration.

146.4. Deploying on AWS

NXLog Manager can be run in the cloud environment, such as Amazon Web Services. Cloud services can be easily leveraged in order to provide high availability and disaster recovery capabilities. In such scenario, NXLog Manager will be deployed in a distributed setup, across multiple availability zones.

146.4.1. Setting up NXLog Manager on AWS

To start with, the database needs to be prepared. The Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) works well with NXLog Manager. For data redundancy, create a database (MySQL or MariaDB) in Multi-AZ deployment mode. This option will create a read replica.
Install NXLog Manager from the DEB or RPM package, depending on the operating system. At least the EC2 "t2.small" instance type is recommended.
Edit /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init/db.conf. Add the RDS hostname and the database master username/password to the MYSQLOPTS variable.
```
MYSQLOPTS="-h RDS_INSTANCE.rds.amazonaws.com -P 3306 -u DB_MASTER_USER -pDB_PASSWORD"
```
Execute the database initialization script. This should only be done once for the cluster!
```
# cd /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init
# ./dbinit.sh
```
Configure NXLog Manager to run in a distributed manner by editing the INSTANCE_MODE in /opt/nxlog-manager/conf/nxlog-manager.conf.
```
INSTANCE_MODE=distributed-manager
```

In /opt/nxlog-manager/conf/jetty-env.xml, provide details for Java Message Service (JMS) communication.

Set JMSBrokerAddress to the instance private IP, used for communications inside the VPC.

<Set name="jmsBrokerAddress">172.31.9.100</Set>

Set database details in jdbcUrl by providing the RDS endpoint.

<Set name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://RDS_INSTANCE.rds.amazonaws.com:3306/nxlog-manager5?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;characterSetResults=UTF-8&amp;autoReconnect=true</Set>

Also update Log4ensicsDatabaseAccess.

<New class="com.nxsec.log4ensics.data.bean.common.Log4ensicsDatabaseAccess">
     <Set name="databaseName">nxlog-manager5</Set>
     <Set name="username">nxlog-manager5</Set>
     <Set name="password">nxlog-manager5</Set>
     <Set name="location">RDS_INSTANCE.rds.amazonaws.com:3306</Set>
</New>

From the EC2 service dashboard, go to Security Groups. Allow TCP traffic on ports 20000 and 34200-34300 to allow JMS communications inside the security group created for NXLog Manager EC2 instances. Please note that the security group ID should be used in the Source field.
The nxlog-manager service can now be started.
```
# service nxlog-manager start
```

146.4.2. Configuring Load Balancing

In order to access NXLog Manager from a single URL, as well as benefit from application redundancy, a Load Balancer is needed.

From the EC2 service dashboard go to Load Balancing. Click Create Load Balancer. Select Application Load Balancer and click Create.
Configure the load balancer. Set the listener to use port 9090 (the same as the backend application).
Choose availability zones and configure a security group in order to limit access to the load balancer. Configure routing to forward requests to port 9090.
Configure the health check path to /nxlog-manager. In Advanced health check settings, set the Success codes to 302, as it is the default reply from the nxlog-manager service.
Select instances for the target group and finish creation of the load balancer. From the EC2 dashboard go to Target Groups (in the LOAD BALANCING section). Select the target group and click Edit attributes. Enable Stickiness to prevent breaking user sessions. This will create a cookie named AWSALB with encrypted contents.
Edit security groups to allow traffic between the load balancer and its target group. After this step, the solution is ready.

146.5. Configuring NXLog Manager for Standalone Mode

To operate in standalone mode, NXLog Manager requires MySQL or MariaDB v5.5.

146.5.1. Installing MySQL Server Debian or Ubuntu

Install the mysql-server package:

# apt-get install mysql-server

Note	MariaDB has replaced MySQL in more recent versions such as Debian (Stretch).

Start the mysql-server service:

# service mysqld start

Note	systemctl has replaced service in more recent versions such as Debian (Stretch).

Now you may proceed with the Database Initialization step.

146.5.2. Installing MySQL Server on CentOS 6 or RHEL 6

Install the mysql-server package:

# yum install mysql-server

Start the mysql-server service:

# service mysqld start

Now you may proceed with the Database Initialization step.

146.5.3. Installing MariaDB Server CentOS 7 or RHEL 7

MariaDB has replaced MySQL as the default package on CentOS7 and RHEL 7. MariaDB is a fork of MySQL and should work seamlessly in place of MySQL. Install the mariadb-server package:

# yum install mariadb-server

Start the mysql-server service:

# systemctl start mariadb

Now you may proceed with the Database Initialization step.

146.6. Configuring NXLog Manager for Cluster Mode

It is possible to run multiple instances of NXLog Manager so that a group of agents connect to a specific Manager instance and all agents can be managed at the same time from either NXLog Manager instance no matter which one they are connected to. This mode is referred to as distributed mode or cluster mode.

The following needs to be set in the /opt/nxlog-manager/conf/nxlog-manager.conf configuration file on each instance:

nxlog-manager.conf

INSTANCE_MODE=distributed-manager

The NXLog Manager instances communicate over JMS (Java Message Service) API. Please set the public IP address of the interface in /opt/nxlog-manager/conf/jetty-env.xml and make sure to replace the value 127.0.0.1 set for JMSBrokerAddress with the public IP:

jetty-env.xml

<Set name="jmsBrokerAddress">10.0.0.42</Set>

To operate in clustered mode, NXLog Manager requires MariaDB Galera Cluster v5.5.

146.6.1. Installing MariaDB Galera Cluster on Debian or Ubuntu

There is a very good installation guide here. The MariaDB Galera Cluster installation and configuration steps are summarized below.

Add the package repository:

# apt-get install python-software-properties
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db

For Debian Wheezy:

# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror3.layerjet.com/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main'

For Ubuntu Precise:

# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror3.layerjet.com/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main'

Resynchronize the package index files:

# apt-get update

Install the packages:

# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y rsync galera mariadb-galera-server

Add the following to /etc/mysql/conf.d/galera.cnf:

galera.cnf

[mysqld]
#mysql settings
binlog_format=ROW
default-storage-engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
query_cache_size=0
query_cache_type=0
bind-address=0.0.0.0
#galera settings
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name="my_wsrep_cluster"
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://<IP1>,<IP2>,...,<IPN>"
wsrep_sst_method=rsync

Here IP1,…,IPN are the addresses of all nodes in the Galera cluster. Distribute this file to all nodes.

Start the Galera cluster.

First stop all nodes:

On node1:

# service mysql stop

On node2:

# service mysql stop

On nodeN:

# service mysql stop

Start the central node:

On node1:

# service mysql start --wsrep-new-cluster

Then start on all other nodes:

On node2:

# service mysql start
 [ ok ] Starting MariaDB database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . ..
 [info] Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed and upgrade needing tables..

On nodeN:

# service mysql start
 [ ok ] Starting MariaDB database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . ..
 [info] Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed and upgrade needing tables..

Verify all nodes are running:

# mysql -u root -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'

This command should return N, i.e. the number of cluster nodes.

146.6.2. Installing MariaDB Galera Cluster on RHEL

There is an installation guide here. The MariaDB Galera Cluster installation and configuration steps are summarized below.

To add the MariaDB repository create the file /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo with the following content:

mariadb.repo

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

Now install MariaDB and Galera:

# yum install MariaDB-Galera-server MariaDB-client galera

You can download and install 'socat' here in case of the following error:

Error: Package: MariaDB-Galera-server-5.5.40-1.el6.x86_64 (mariadb)
           Requires: socat
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem

To create an initial MariaDB configuration, execute these commands and follow the instructions:

# service mysql start
# mysql_secure_installation
# mysql -u root -p
 MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
 MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 MariaDB [(none)]> exit
# service mysql stop

On each cluster node, edit /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf and make sure to add the following content:

server.cnf

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid
port            = 3306

[mariadb]
query_cache_size=0
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://IP2,...,IPN
wsrep_cluster_name='cluster1'
wsrep_node_address='IP1'
wsrep_node_name='db1'
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_sst_auth=root:password

Make sure to set the values appropriately on each node.

Start the cluster node using following command:

# /etc/init.d/mysql bootstrap
Bootstrapping the cluster.. Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!

On the other nodes start, with the following command:

# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!

SELinux may block MariaDB from binding on the cluster port and it will print the following error in the MariaDB error log in /etc/selinux/config:

140805  7:56:00 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: bootstrapping new group '’cluster1’'
140805  7:56:00 [ERROR] WSREP: Permission denied
140805  7:56:00 [ERROR] WSREP: failed to open gcomm backend connection: 13: error while trying to listen 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567?socket.non_blocking=1', asio error 'Permission denied': 13 (Permission denied)

This can be solved by running setenforce 0 and setting SELINUX=permissive. Then repeat the above installation steps on each node.

146.7. Database Initialization

The NXLog Manager needs its initial configuration data to be loaded into the configuration database.

Note	If you are installing NXLog Manager in clustered mode, this only needs to be executed once for the DB cluster - i.e. only on the first node.

If a root password is set for the MySQL/MariaDB database, edit /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init/my.cnf and provide the password:

my.cnf

[client]
password=

Execute the database initialization script (only once for the Galera cluster):

$ cd /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init
# ./dbinit.sh

To ensure that the MySQL/MariaDB database is started on boot on CentOS/RHEL distributions, execute the following command:

# chkconfig mysqld on

# chkconfig mariadb on

The size of the maximum packet allowed by MySQL/MariaDB can be raised by adding the following to the global configuration options, typically /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf. Raising the size of the maximum allowed packet will eliminate any max_allowed_packet exceeded error messages from the log files.

my.cnf

[mysqld]
max_allowed_packet = 256M

146.8. Starting NXLog Manager

Start NXLog Manager with the following command:
- Starting NXLog Manager on Debian Wheezy or RHEL6/CentOS6
  # service nxlog-manager start
- Starting NXLog Manager on Debian Stretch or RHEL7/CentOS7
  # systemctl start nxlog-manager
Connect to the web interface. Launch a web browser and navigate to http://x.x.x.x:9090/nxlog-manager in order to make sure the start was successful.

Note	Check the logs under `/opt/nxlog-manager/logs` if you are having trouble accessing the web interface.

Note	Running NXLog Manager directly can provide additional information if the NXLog Manager service fails to start. Run `cd /opt/nxlog-manager/bin/`, then `./jetty.sh`.

146.9. NXLog Agent Installation

146.9.1. Installing on Debian Wheezy

# dpkg -i nxlog_X.X.XXXX_amd64.deb
# apt-get -f install

146.9.2. Installing on RHEL

To install the NXLog agent on RHEL, issue the following command:

# yum install nxlog-X.X.XXXX-1.x86_64.rpm

Depending on the package there may be additional dependencies required to be installed:

# yum install dialog apr perl perl-DBI perl-JSON openssl pcre zlib expat libcap libdbi

146.9.3. Installing on Windows

On Windows, run the MSI installer. You should be greeted by the following screens:

Installing the MSI package in interactive mode

Simply click Next, accept the license agreement, then finish the installation.

It is possible to automate the installation on Windows using msiexec:

> msiexec /i nxlog-xxx.msi /quiet

The MSI can be also installed from Group Policy.

146.10. NXLog Manager Configuration

Once the nxlog-manager service is running, you should be able to access the web interface at http://x.x.x.x:9090/nxlog-manager.

The default access credentials are as follows:

User ID: admin
Password: nxlog123

146.10.1. Managing Encryption Key for Administrators

Understanding the encryption mechanism in NXLog Manager is crucial for its stable operation. This section explains what the encryption key is and what practices should be followed in this regard.

During the first login of the admin user, NXLog Manager generates the encryption key. The key is shared among all administrative accounts with ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles within the same application session.

The application session is an instance of the started service which is always new at each start of NXLog Manager.

The encryption key encrypts private keys of user accounts. The application session cannot function without the key. This is the reason why it should always be available either in the system database and/or in the application session.

After each administrator login, this key is decrypted and stored in the application session.

For each new administrative user as well as the admin user, during the first login the key is copied, encrypted with the user’s password, and stored in the NXAuthSettings table. After a user changes its password, the key is encrypted with the new password. Additional details about encryption of certificates are provided in the Certificates Encryption section.

Warning

If for any reason it is required, the encryption of private keys can be disabled. See the content about the Don’t encrypt agent manager’s private key checkbox in the Agent Manager Configuration section. If this checkbox is unchecked, encryption is applied and the suggestions from the Best Practices for Managing Encryption Keys section below are recommended to be followed.

146.10.1.1. Best Practices for Managing Encryption Keys

Follow the rules below when dealing with encryption keys in order to ensure the smooth and trouble free operation of NXLog Manager.

The NXLog Manager instance should always have at least one account with the assigned ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles. Otherwise it does not function.
It is recommended to keep the default admin account in the system. Instead of deleting, it can be kept in a disabled state and used only in specific situations. This account can provide the application session with the encryption key after NXLog Manager is restarted.

If keeping the admin account is not possible, another account with the ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles should be created and logged into the same application session with the admin. This action will share the encryption key from the admin to the new account and makes it available for all future accounts. After this action is taken, the admin account can be deleted because the new administrative account can now log in and share the encryption key within the application session.
It is strongly recommended to have a backup for the NXLog Manager database while taking any actions with administrative accounts.
After each restart of NXLog Manager, at least one administrative account with the ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles should always be available for login, decryption of the encryption key, and sharing it within the application session. If the only administrative account is deleted or unassigned from its roles, the decryption key is also deleted from the application session and the database.

Warning

This situation immediately leads to an unrecoverable loss of system and data control.

Accounts with the ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles should be assigned only to trusted system administrators. Other users should employ other roles which are available in NXLog Manager.
Each new account with the ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR and/or ROLE_CERTIFICATE roles should share the same application session with the other administrative accounts. There is no point in logging into another session if it has no encryption key from a logged user.
The same encryption key should be available for all administrative accounts on the running instance of NXLog Manager.

Warning

In case all administrative accounts are deleted, the decryption key is also destroyed and NXLog Manager terminates. This immediately leads to a complete data and system loss.

146.10.2. Set Session and Screen Lock (User Interface) Timeouts

It is sometimes desirable to limit the time an NXLog Manager session remains active, or how long the screen remains unlocked, after authentication.

To set how long the NXLog Manager UI waits before requiring user re-authentication, find the screenLockIdleTimeB block in conf/jetty-env.xml and then set screenLockIdleTime to the desired value. To control the active session length, find the applicationSettingsB block and then set sessionTimeout to the desired value. Note that sessionTimeout must be larger than screenLockIdleTime for screen lock to work. Values are in minutes.

The following example shows the directives in context. Note that other directives have been omitted from the example to aid readability.

jetty-env.xml

<New id="applicationSettingsB" class="org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource">
    <Arg/>
    <Arg>bean/applicationSettingsBean</Arg>
    <Arg>
        <New class="com.nxsec.log4ensics.data.bean.common.ApplicationSettingsBean">
            <!--Session Timeout set to 15 minutes-->
            <Set name="sessionTimeout">10</Set>
        </New>
    </Arg>
</New>
<New id="screenLockIdleTimeB" class="org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource">
    <Arg/>
    <Arg>bean/screenLockIdleTimeBean</Arg>
    <Arg>
        <New class="com.nxsec.log4ensics.data.bean.common.ScreenLockIdleTimeBean">
            <!--Screen Lock Idle Time set to 10 minutes-->
            <Set name="screenLockIdleTime">10</Set>
        </New>
    </Arg>
</New>

146.10.3. Installation Wizard

When the administrator logs in the first time, a dialog window will be displayed to help with the initial configuration: 'You don’t have a default CA and AgentManager certificate. Do you want to create a CA and a CERT?' Click Yes to proceed with the CA setup.

Fill in the form and then click Create.

The next dialog window will ask to create a certificate for the Agent manager.

Creating the Certificate for NXLog Manager

Fill in the form and then click Create.

Finally the NXLog Manager settings need to be provided.

The default values should be sufficient for most users; click Finish.

The initial settings can be changed any time later under the menu items Admin > Settings > Agent Manager and Admin > Settings > Certificates.

146.10.4. Agent Manager Configuration

Navigate to Admin > Settings > Agent Manager and fill out the following form accordingly.

Note	If you have already configured the Agent manager with the Wizard as described in the previous section then you will not need to modify anything here. Just make sure your settings are correct.

Select whether you would like the agents or the agent manager to initiate the connection. This can be useful when special firewall and zone rules apply. Make sure that the agent manager certificate is properly set. Click Save & Restart to apply settings.

The Don’t encrypt agent manager’s private key checkbox disables using of the encryption key if activated. For more information, see the NXLog Manager Configuration section.

146.10.5. Connecting Agents

To ensure that the NXLog agents can only be controlled by the NXLog Manager, NXLog agents are controlled over a secure trusted SSL and each NXLog agent needs its own private key and certificate.

146.10.5.1. Automated Deployment

The requirement of a private key and certificate pair for each NXLog agent would prevent automated installation. Fortunately it is possible to install the NXLog agents with only the CA certificate and an initial configuration containing only the details on how to establish the control connection with the NXLog Manager.

The installation steps for automated agent deployment consist of the following:

Install the NXLog package.
Copy the initial configuration file.
Copy the CA certificate file.
Start the NXLog service and verify that it is connected.

These steps are discussed below.

To export the CA certificate, navigate to Admin > Certificates and select the CA with the checkbox as shown in the screenshot below.

Click Export. The CA certificate should be exported using the 'Certificate in PEM format' option. Save the file as agent-ca.pem.

The default installation of NXLog will create a file that is to be updated by NXLog Manager. On Windows systems this is C:\Program Files\nxlog\conf\nxlog.d\managed.conf, on GNU/Linux systems this configuration file is /opt/nxlog/etc/nxlog.d/managed.conf. When doing an automated deployment, this file should be replaced with the following default configuration.

managed.conf


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  # Please set the following values to suit your environment and make
# sure agent-ca.pem is copied to %CERTDIR% with the proper ownership

define NXLOG_MANAGER_ADDRESS X.X.X.X
define NXLOG_MANAGER_PORT 4041

LogLevel    INFO
LogFile     %MYLOGFILE%

<Extension agent_managment>
    Module          xm_soapadmin
    Connect         %NXLOG_MANAGER_ADDRESS%
    Port            %NXLOG_MANAGER_PORT%
    SocketType      SSL
    CAFile          %CERTDIR%/agent-ca.pem
#   CertFile        %CERTDIR%/agent-cert.pem
#   CertKeyFile     %CERTDIR%/agent-key.pem
    AllowUntrusted  TRUE
    RequireCert     FALSE
    <ACL conf>
        Directory   %CONFDIR%
        AllowRead   TRUE
        AllowWrite  TRUE
    </ACL>
    <ACL cert>
        Directory   %CERTDIR%
        AllowRead   TRUE
        AllowWrite  TRUE
    </ACL>
</Extension>

Please make sure to replace X.X.X.X with the proper IP address of the NXLog Manager instance that the NXLog agent needs to be connected to.

The CA certificate file agent-ca.pem must be also copied to the proper location as referenced in the above configuration which is normally under C:\Program Files (x86)\nxlog\cert\ on Windows systems and under /opt/nxlog/var/lib/nxlog/cert/ on GNU/Linux systems.

Note	When the configuration and certificate files are updated remotely, NXLog must have permissions to overwrite these files when it is running as a regular (i.e. nxlog) user. Please make sure that the ownership is correct:

# chown -R nxlog:nxlog /opt/nxlog/var/lib/nxlog

Now start the NXLog service. The nxlog.log file should contain the following if the NXLog agent has successfully connected.

nxlog.log

2014-10-24 17:24:46 WARNING no functional input modules!
2014-10-24 17:24:46 WARNING no routes defined!
2014-10-24 17:24:46 INFO nxlog-2.8.1281 started
2014-10-24 17:24:46 INFO connecting to agent manager at X.X.X.X:4041
2014-10-24 17:24:46 INFO successfully connected to agent manager at X.X.X.X:4041 in SSL mode

Click the AGENTS menu to see the list of agents. You should see the newly connected agent with an UNTRUSTED (yellow) status. If you don’t see the agent there, check the logs for error diagnostics.

The name of the untrusted agent should be the reverse DNS of its IP address.

In order to establish a mutually trusted connection between the NXLog agent and NXLog Manager, a certificate and private key pair needs to be issued and transferred to the agent. Select the untrusted agent in the list and click Issue certificate. When Update connected agents is enabled, the newly issued certificate and the configuration will be pushed to the agent. The agent will need to reload the configuration in order to reconnect with the certificate, select the agent and click Reload.

After the agent has successfully reconnected and the agent list is refreshed the agent status should be 'online' showing a green sphere.

At this stage the NXLog agent should be operational and can now be managed and configured from the NXLog Manager interface.

146.10.5.2. Manual Deployment

Manual deployment requires adding an agent using 'Add' on the interface. After the agent is configured and has its certificate issued, select its checkbox in the agent list and click Download config.

On GNU/Linux systems, extract the agents-config.zip and put the files under /opt/nxlog/var/lib/nxlog. Make sure the files have the proper ownership:

# chown -R nxlog:nxlog /opt/nxlog/var/lib/nxlog

On Windows systems, place the certificates in C:\Program Files (x86)\nxlog\cert. After restarting the NXLog service you should now see your agent as Online under AGENTS.

146.10.6. Configuring Agents

Once the agent is connected and is shown as Online, it can be remotely configured from the NXLog Manager web interface.

To configure the log collection, click on your agent in the agent list and then select the Configure tab.

Click 'Routes' and add a route. Add a TCP input module for testing purposes:

Name: tcptest
Module: TCP Input (im_tcp)
Listen On: 0.0.0.0
Port: 1514
Input Format: line based

Add an output module. For test purposes we will use a null output that discards the data.
```
Name: out
Module: Null Output (om_null)
```
Now click Update config on the Info tab, then click Reload.

After the agent is restarted the newly configured modules are visible on the Modules tab.
Test the data collection:
```
telnet x.x.x.x 1514
type something
```
On the Modules tab check all modules and click Refresh status. The count under the Received column is 1 (or more).

The system is now be ready to be further configured as per your requirements.

146.10.7. Configuring Logger Settings

By default, NXLog Manager log files are kept in the /opt/nxlog-manager/log directory on Linux installations and the <NXLogManagerDirectory>/log directory on the Docker installation. All log messages are collected in the nxlog-manager.log file.

Configuration files are available in the /opt/nxlog-manager/conf directory on Linux installations and the <NXLogManagerDirectory>/conf directory on the Docker installation of NXLog Manager. Log priorities, levels and log rotation can be configured in the log4j.xml file of this directory.

Log rotation is set by default to rotate both files at the beginning of each month. The frequency of log rotation can be controlled by the DatePattern parameter, as shown below.

log4j.xml

<appender name="internalAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
  <param name="File" value="${logs.root}.log"/>
  <param name="Threshold" value="INFO"/>
  <param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM"/>
  <layout class="co.nxlog.manager.common.logging.ContextPatternLayout">
    <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d %p $host $user $component [%c] - %m %n"/>
  </layout>
</appender>

The following table summarizes different DatePattern options.

Table 121. DatePattern options
DatePattern	Rollover schedule
'.'yyyy-MM	Rollover at the beginning of each month
'.'yyyy-ww	Rollover at the first day of each week. The first day of the week depends on the locale.
'.'yyyy-MM-dd	Rollover at midnight each day.
'.'yyyy-MM-dd-a	Rollover at midnight and midday of each day.
'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH	Rollover at the top of every hour.
'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm	Rollover at the beginning of every minute.

Note	The `/opt/nxlog-manager/conf/log4j.xml` defines three different files, the two mentioned above as well as a debug file that needs to be enabled separately. Log rotation can be controlled individually for each log file by altering the DatePattern parameter at each of the three appender sections.

To enable the debug logging:

Change the priority level from INFO to DEBUG,
Change WARN level to DEBUG in the loggers you require,
Remove the comment from the debugAppender reference, as shown below.

log4j.xml

<root>
  <priority value="DEBUG"/>
  <appender-ref ref="internalAppender"/>
  <appender-ref ref="errorAppender"/>
  <appender-ref ref="debugAppender"/>
</root>

To gain more insight on what happens during the SSL communication and the reasons which cause the connection to fail, additionally edit the nxlog-manager.conf file by adding the -Djavax.net.debug=ssl,handshake options to the JVM_OPTS parameter. The ssl option turns on SSL debugging and the handshake option prints each handshake message. To learn more about options, see the Debugging Utilities section on the Oracle website.

After the changes, restart the nxlog-manager service and connect the agent first in untrusted mode and then restart it with the newly issued certificates.

Once this has been done, please send us the debug log from the /opt/nxlog-manager/log/nxlog-manager.debug file.

146.11. Enabling HTTPS for NXLog Manager

To operate with HTTPS enabled, NXLog Manager requires either a certificate issued by a certificate authority (CA) or a self-signed certificate. A self-signed certificate and private key are generated during the installation of NXLog Manager. The self-signed certificate can be used for testing and providing encryption for the initial setup; however, for production systems, it should be replaced with the certificate issued by a certificate authority.

After the installation, the key and certificate are stored under the following path:

Table 122. Path for Certificate and Private Key
Version of Manager	Path	Private Key	Certificate
5.x	`<NXLogManager_HOME>/conf/`	`jetty9-key.pem`	`jetty9-cert.pem`

In case the private key is password-protected, the password can be set by specifying the ServerKeyPassword property in the <NXLogManager_HOME>/conf/jetty-config.xml file.

Since Jetty9 supports hashed passwords, they can be generated by using Jetty’s password utility. For example, enter the following command to generate a secured version of the password newpass for user myuser:

> java -cp <NXLogManager_HOME>/lib/jetty-util-xxx.jar org.eclipse.jetty.util.security.Password myuser newpass

where -xxx signifies the version of Jetty installed in NXLog Manager. The following output will be generated:

newpass
OBF:1xmi1vu91vv91xfj1vu11vv11xms
MD5:e6053eb8d35e02ae40beeeacef203c1a
CRYPT:myBmXhAi5GjtE

The first line is a plain text password. Copy the secured version of your choice with the prefix and paste it in the <NXLogManager_HOME>/etc/start.ini file under the jetty.sslContext.keyStorePassword property.

146.11.1. Configuring ports

Beginning with version 5.5, NXLog Manager is shipped with SSL enabled via the default port 9443. The port can be customized in the <NXLogManager_HOME>/conf/jetty-config.xml file.

To enable SSL in versions prior to 5.5, uncomment three sections in <NXLogManager_HOME>/conf/jetty-config.xml which look as follows:

jetty-config.xml

    <New id="sslContextFactory" class="com.nxsec.log4ensics.web.common.server.util.ssl.SslContextFactory">
        <Set name="ServerCertificate"><Property name="jetty.home" default=".." />/conf/jetty9-cert.pem</Set>
        <Set name="ServerKey"><Property name="jetty.home" default=".." />/conf/jetty9-key.pem</Set>
        <Set name="ServerKeyPassword"></Set>
        <Set name="EndpointIdentificationAlgorithm"></Set>
        <Set name="NeedClientAuth"><Property name="jetty.ssl.needClientAuth" default="false"/></Set>
        <Set name="WantClientAuth"><Property name="jetty.ssl.wantClientAuth" default="false"/></Set>
        <Set name="ExcludeCipherSuites">
            <Array type="String">
                <Item>SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5</Item>
                <Item>SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</Item>
                <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</Item>
            </Array>
        </Set>
    </New>

jetty-config.xml

    <New id="sslHttpConfig" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration">
        <Arg><Ref refid="httpConfig"/></Arg>
        <Call name="addCustomizer">
            <Arg><New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.SecureRequestCustomizer"/></Arg>
        </Call>
    </New>

jetty-config.xml

    <Call  name="addConnector">
        <Arg>
            <New id="sslConnector" class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector">
                <Arg name="server"><Ref refid="Server" /></Arg>
                <Arg name="factories">
                    <Array type="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ConnectionFactory">

                        <!-- uncomment to support proxy protocol
                        <Item>
                            <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.ProxyConnectionFactory"/>
                        </Item>-->

                        <Item>
                            <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.SslConnectionFactory">
                                <Arg name="next">http/1.1</Arg>
                                <Arg name="sslContextFactory"><Ref refid="sslContextFactory"/></Arg>
                            </New>
                        </Item>
                        <Item>
                            <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory">
                                <Arg name="config"><Ref refid="sslHttpConfig" /></Arg>
                            </New>
                        </Item>
                    </Array>
                </Arg>

                <Set name="host"><Property name="jetty.host" /></Set>
                <Set name="port"><Property name="jetty.https.port" default="9443" /></Set>
                <Set name="idleTimeout"><Property name="ssl.timeout" default="30000"/></Set>
            </New>
        </Arg>
    </Call>


    <Call class="java.lang.System"  name="setProperty">
        <Arg>org.apache.jasper.compiler.disablejsr199</Arg>
        <Arg>true</Arg>
    </Call>

    <!-- Fix for java.lang.IllegalStateException: Form too large 207624>200000 -->
    <Call name="setAttribute">
      <Arg>org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request.maxFormContentSize</Arg>
      <Arg><Property name="jetty.maxFormContentSize" default="1000000"/></Arg>
    </Call>

146.11.2. Disabling older SSL/TLS versions

For security reasons, older and/or unused versions of SSL/TLS can be disabled by adding an exclusion for those protocols in the Jetty configuration.

Follow these steps to disable older SSL/TLS protocols:

Open the <NXLogManager_HOME>/conf/jetty-config.xml file with a text editor.

Under the sslContextFactory section, add an ExcludeProtocols property as follows:

    <Set name="ExcludeProtocols">
        <Array type="java.lang.String">
            <Item>SSLv3</Item>
            <Item>TLSv1</Item>
            <Item>TLSv1.1</Item>
        </Array>
    </Set>

The example below shows the complete sslContextFactory section after adding the list of excluded protocols.

jetty-config.xml

<New id="sslContextFactory" class="com.nxsec.log4ensics.dbmanager.common.server.util.ssl.SslContextFactory">
    <Set name="ServerCertificate"><Property name="jetty.home" default=".." />/conf/jetty9-cert.pem</Set>
    <Set name="ServerKey"><Property name="jetty.home" default=".." />/conf/jetty9-key.pem</Set>
    <Set name="ServerKeyPassword"></Set>
    <Set name="EndpointIdentificationAlgorithm"></Set>
    <Set name="NeedClientAuth"><Property name="jetty.ssl.needClientAuth" default="false"/></Set>
    <Set name="WantClientAuth"><Property name="jetty.ssl.wantClientAuth" default="false"/></Set>
    <Set name="ExcludeProtocols">
        <Array type="java.lang.String">
            <Item>SSLv3</Item>
            <Item>TLSv1</Item>
            <Item>TLSv1.1</Item>
        </Array>
    </Set>
    <Set name="ExcludeCipherSuites">
        <Array type="String">
            <Item>SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5</Item>
            <Item>SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</Item>
            <Item>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</Item>
        </Array>
    </Set>
</New>

Restart the NXLog Manager service to apply the changes.

146.12. Increasing the Open File Limit for NXLog Manager Using systemd

This section explains how to adjust the limit for the number of files that the nxlog-manager service can open in Linux. To achieve this, a configuration file needs to be created under the systemd directory, which will permanently hold the required open file limit setting. This way, package upgrades in the Linux system will never overwrite this configuration.

Procedure

Create the directory that will hold the changes for the nxlog-manager service.
```
# sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nxlog-manager.service.d/
```
Create the /etc/systemd/system/nxlog-manager.service.d/limits.conf file with the following content:
```
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=10000
```
In this configuration, 10000 represents to the number of files that NXLog Manager is allowed to open. Change this number to suit the requirements of your environment.
For the configuration to take effect, reload the systemd deamon.
```
# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
```
To tell NXLog Manager about the changes, the nxlog-manager service needs to be restarted.
1. On Debian Wheezy or RHEL6/CentOS6
  # service nxlog-manager restart
2. On Debian Stretch or RHEL7/CentOS7
  # systemctl restart nxlog-manager

146.13. Increasing the Heap Size for NXLog Manager

The default JVM heap size setting for NXLog Manager in nxlog-manager.conf is sufficient only for minimum requirements with a small agent load. Production environments require more allocated memory, the JVM heap size needs to be increased.

Initial settings that NXLog Manager ships with:

JVM_OPTS="-Xms1g -Xmx2g

Only the initial part of the line is relevant for setting the heap size.

Xms	initial Java heap size
Xmx	maximum Java heap size

For a well-loaded manager instance with 1800 agents (around 90% load), use the following settings:

JVM_OPTS="-Xms5648m -Xmx7696m

The above is for a machine running NXLog Manager only, no NXLog instance is included. Calculate the recommended and minimum settings using the system requirements for NXLog Manager table.

Important

Use whole numbers to allocate memory: Xmx1.5G results in an error, 1536M is the valid syntax in this case.

146.14. Upgrading NXLog Manager

Upgrading from earlier versions of NXLog Manager will require changes to the database structure. To complete the upgrade it is required to stop the NXLog Manager service before proceeding.

On SysV Init based systems

# service nxlog-manager stop

On systemd based systems

# systemctl stop nxlog-manager

Note	It is always advisable and good practice to create a backup before upgrading. This enables the process to be rolled back if something goes wrong. Use `mysqldump` or `phpMyAdmin` to backup MySQL/MariaDB. It is also recommended to make a backup of the configuration files.

146.14.1. Upgrade to version 4.0.6223 or later

Follow this procedure if you are running a version of NXLog Manager earlier than 4.0.6223, and you are planning to upgrade to version 4.0.6223 or later, but not to version 5x.

After stopping the NXLog Manager service, upgrade NXLog Manager but do not start the service. Navigate to /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init/upgrade/ and execute the command:

# mysql -u root nxlog-manager4 < upgrade_to_6223.sql

The upgraded version of NXLog Manager service can now be started.

146.14.2. Upgrade from Version 4.x to Version 5.x

Follow this procedure, to upgrade from version 4 of NXLog Manager to version 5.x.

After stopping the NXLog Manager service, upgrade NXLog Manager but do not start the service. The upgraded NXLog Manager requires first a database initialization. Do not start the NXLog Manager service as part of the initialization. After initializing the database, navigate to /opt/nxlog-manager/db_init/upgrade/ and execute the command:

# mysql -u root -p < upgrade_v4_to_v5.sql

The command will copy all the relevant information from the earlier version of NXLog Manager database to the new database without altering the old database. The upgraded version of NXLog Manager service can now be started.

146.14.3. Upgrade Version 5.x to Later 5.x version

Follow this procedure, to upgrade version 5.x installation of NXLog Manager.

After stopping the NXLog Manager service, upgrade the NXLog Manager packages through dpkg/apt or rpm/yum and then start the service.

On SysV Init based systems

# service nxlog-manager start

On systemd based systems

# systemctl start nxlog-manager

146.14.4. Upgrade the Docker Application

Upgrading NXLog Manager as a Docker application can be successfully done in case of minor changes between versions. For example, the version 5.4 can be upgraded to 5.5 but not 6.0.

Upgrading {NXLog Manager migrates existing settings to the new version. Nonetheless, it is highly recommended to create a database backup before upgrading.

The following steps should be performed to upgrade NXLog Manager as a Docker application.

Docker containers should be stopped with the following command in the NXLog Manager directory:
```
$ docker-compose down
```
The archive with the new version of NXLog Manager should be unpacked with the following command:
```
$ tar zxf nxlog-manager-X.X.XXXX-docker.tar.gz
```
The .deb package from the unpacked archive should be put to the NXLog Manager directory and the existing package file should be deleted.
Docker images and containers should be built and started with the following command in the NXLog Manager directory:
```
$ docker-compose up --build -d
```

146.15. Host Setup Common Issues

This section describes some common issues that may prevent NXLog Manager from working correctly. These are not related to the installation or configuration of the Manager itself.

146.15.1. Hostname Resolution Issues

For NXLog Manager to work correctly, the hostname of the host must resolve to the correct IP address. The following error will be present in /opt/nxlog-manager/log/nxlog-manager.err, if that is not the case.

nxlog-manager.err

2016-11-21 16:14:31,015 ERROR manager-host unknown nxlog-manager [net.sf.ehcache.Cache] - Unable to set manager-host. This prevents creation of a GUID. Cause was:
 java.net.UnknownHostException: nxlogmgr.domain.local

To set the hostname to myname, the line containing the host IP address along with the FQDN and the name aliases should be added to the /etc/hosts file.

/etc/hosts

172.16.183.1    myname.example.com myname

Any of the locally bound IP address may be used as the Manager hostname.

Configuring the /etc/hosts file works for both Debian and RHEL versions of Linux.

By default, a Docker container inherits DNS settings from the Docker daemon, including the contents of the /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/hosts files.

These settings can be overridden on a per-container basis with the following flags to docker commands:

Table 123. Flags for Container Hostname and DNS Settings
Flag	Description
`--dns`	The IP address of a DNS server. Multiple `--dns` flags specify multiple DNS servers. If the container cannot reach any of the specified IP addresses, Google’s public DNS server `8.8.8.8` is added automatically, so that the container can resolve internet domains.
`--dns-opt`	A key-value pair representing a DNS option and its value. See the operating system’s documentation for the `resolv.conf` file for valid options.
`--hostname`	The hostname a container uses for itself. Defaults to the container’s ID if not specified.

146.15.2. DNS Lookup Issues

Make sure that your DNS is setup correctly and it is functioning properly. DNS timeouts and errors can cause various issues, mainly because TLS certificate verification is using DNS lookups.

Important

It is important to understand, that there is no single method of getting a DNS lookup configuration done on Linux.

The most common way is to edit the /etc/resolv.conf file. Usually up to three nameservers can be set up using the nameserver keyword, followed by the IP address of the nameserver.

To test whether your configuration functions correctly, use the host or dig programs to perform both a DNS lookup and a reverse DNS lookup (by querying with an IP address). Make sure that participating hosts on your NXLog collection system are resolved correctly.

For more information, visit the Manually configuring the /etc/resolv.conf file in the RedHat documentation for RHEL related distributions or visit the Defining the (DNS) Nameservers section in the Debian Wiki for Debian based distrubutions.

There is also a comprehensive article on the Anatomy of a Linux DNS Lookup on the zwischenzugs website that discusses the different methods and tools that can be used.

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146. Installation | Log Collection Solutions